记住您老师曾经狂欢的每种视觉技术都可能是一个艰难的事情 - 似乎有很多！
幸运的是，我们已经编译了这款出色的英语视觉技术作弊表，在您的下一篇文章中列出了所有最大，最佳的视觉技术。
Plus we’ve added an extra mini-list of techniques only found in films, so the next time you analyse a movie you can be a box-office (or staff room) smash!
但首先，请确保您下载自己的作弊表！
确保您检查我们Comprehensive List of HSC English Literary Techniques while you’re at it,这里!
所以，让我们跳入吧！
English Visual Techniques
Film-Specific Techniques
English Visual Techniques
英语视觉技术是有助于传达特定图像的工具。它们可以以任何静止的媒体形式使用，包括照片，图画书，书籍封面和海报。
| Techniques | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allusions | References to other images/visual media, including art, films, pop culture, religious icons, etc. Sometimes in the form of a parody (referencing another image but making it humorous), these usually recontextualise or “change the meaning” of the original media. |
| Angles/lines | The ‘direction’ of an image based on the angles or lines within it. Horizontals create a sense of calm, verticals a sense of structure and diagonals a mood of unease or being off balance. |
| Body Language | Facial expressions, body language and gestures used to show character’s attitudes, moods or personality. Often focussed on overall body movement and positioning. |
| 特写镜头 | When the frame is mostly or entirely filled with a character’s face, an important object, etc. Used to create viewer focus and show that whatever is being shown is important. Often used on character’s faces in highly emotional images. |
| Colour (Hue/Tones) | Colours are symbolic of different emotions, moods, etc. and are used to evoke corresponding responses in audiences. Purple is a colour of royalty, wealth and luxury whereas red symbolises lust, passion, anger and so on. Also consider how saturated colours are (are they bright and vivid or dull and desaturated?). |
| Composition | What an image is made up of – where things are placed, how it is framed, the colour and lighting used, etc. This generally refers to the image as a whole. |
| Contrast | Placing things that are considered opposite close to each other. Contrasts can be between colours (black and white), sizes (large and small), textures (rough and smooth), etc. to create interest and complexity. One small contrasting colour/size/shape in an image is also usually highly salient because it stands out. |
| Framing | 图像/电影中使用的相机镜头和角度来创造不同的受众反应和情感。例如。特写镜头，极端特写，中枪，空中射击等。 |
| 凝视 | 角色看起来很像，然后引导观众的眼睛。“需求”的目光涉及角色和观众之间的直接眼神交流，“要约”使角色看图像中的某些东西，也吸引了观众的眼睛。也可以用来表达情感/意图。 |
| 高角度射击 | 从稍微上方/某人上方拍摄的镜头，低头看/他们。还可以使用一种角色的感觉，无助，恐吓等。也可以用来代表一个从字面上看对象/场景（观点）的人。 |
| Law of Thirds | By dividing an image into equal thirds along the horizontal, the vertical axis you can break it into 9 equal sections which each have different connotations, Movement is expected to from the left thirds to the right thirds, otherwise it’s read as moving backwards (literally or figuratively). Characters in the top right third are seen as powerful or in control, while those in the bottom left thirds are weaker or being controlled. |
| Lighting | How a shot is lit or not lit. This includes natural lighting (the sun, open windows, etc.) and man-made lighting (lamps, torches, etc.) as well as feature lighting such as coloured lights, spotlights, moving lights, etc. Lighting has a major impact on the mood and atmosphere of an image (low light is seedy, harsh light is unnerving, soft light is intimate, etc.). |
| Long/Wide | 由大型景观，城市景观或其他类型的场景组成的镜头，通常用于一次浏览大量信息，例如房间的布局，活动的位置，周围的人数， ETC。 |
| Low Angle Shot | 从某人/某物下方略下拍摄的镜头，用来将它们显示为处于权力，优势或控制的位置。它也可以用来让某人从字面上看某人/某物（观点） |
| 中镜头 | A shot that is approximately half-filled with a figure, object, etc. Usually these are ‘regular’ shots and are very common for character conversations/interactions or showing a select area or object within an area (a desk, chair, etc.). |
| Point of View | 如何参考观众或角色构架镜头。镜头是否以角色的观点为角度（一个角色的镜头倾斜窗户切割到从窗户上俯视的空中镜头的镜头），还是观众放置在角色/对象/动作上方或下方的水平？ |
| 定位 | 镜头中放置对象和字符的位置？前景，中间和背景是什么，为什么它们被放置在那里？ |
| Salience | How much any section of an image draws the viewer’s eyes – the most salient feature of an image is whatever/wherever the viewer’s eyes are first drawn when they look at it. Salience is always deliberate and usually created through contrast, colour, framing and layout. |
| Symbolism | The use of one image/object to represent an idea or concept that is more complex than it is. Religious symbolism, pop culture symbolism and animal symbolism are all very common. |
| Text | Words used within images to convey a literal or figurative message. Consider the font, colour, size, weight, etc. of the text, where and how often it has been used and the connotations of the words actually used. |
| Vectors | 查看图像时，观看者的眼睛会遵循，通常会故意创建向量，以使眼睛转向焦点或重要特征。因为我们从左到右读取，我们倾向于沿着图像沿相同方向跟随向量。 |
Film-Specific Techniques
| Technique | 解除 |
|---|---|
| Aerial Shot | 通常从起重机或直升机上拍摄的镜头，以在一次移动镜头中显示景观，城市或许多其他元素。通常这些用于建立设置，大空间/区域或规模感。 |
| Costuming | 服装、化妆、发型、饰品等。designed to be worn by characters to represent their personality, status, heritage, culture, etc. Often characters clothes will fit within one or two similar colour palettes or tones and use fabrics of similar textures. Colour symbolism often comes into play here (a character wearing earthy colours may be associated with gardening, plants and nature). |
| Cut | The splicing of two shots together so that one seems to instantly move to the other. There are many different types of cuts – jump cuts are more jagged and create a sense of fast pace or deliberately poor editing, match cuts involve cutting between two very visually similar shots to create a more seamless flow. |
| Dialogue | The words spoken by characters. Regular literary techniques are used her (metaphor, simile, personification, etc.) but also consider character vocal inflection, tone, pauses, etc. as well as their vocal range (does the character have a deep voice? A high, feminine voice?). |
| Diegetic Sound | The ‘literal sound’ created by the objects and people within a shot – sounds that the character is presumed to be hearing as well. This includes; character dialogue, fabric rustling, animals, background noise/voices, sounds made by objects (doors closing, rain), etc. |
| 数字效果 | Any images, characters, setting and effects added digitally in post-production to add to or alter the original shot. Remember that all digital effects are deliberate and have been added for a reason – to change the mood of a shot, change character gesture, etc. |
| Establishing Shot | The shot at the beginning of a film or scene that gives the basic or introductory information to viewers. Generally includes or introduces the location, characters, etc. |
| Fade In/Out | A transition device whereby a shots fades into or out of black (or another image) at the end or beginning of the shot respectively. These are generally used to create a sense of slow movement, intimacy or ‘trailing off’ in a shot/scene. |
| Montage | 切割在一起或几张镜头显示了一个较大的场景或想法，以产生整体的时间感/发生的事情。在训练序列中，最常用的是角色必须随着时间的推移而在任务中变得熟练，因此，他们完成不同训练练习的许多镜头都被切割在一起，以创造一种随着时间的推移而改善的感觉。 |
| Non-diegetic Sound | 已添加到角色无法听到的镜头中的“非文字声音”。这包括;叙述/旁白，添加的音效，音乐（并未显示出由电视，舞蹈派对等屏幕源产生的）以及电影乐谱/配乐。 |
| Props | Items and objects used within a shot to create a sense of setting, represent character interests, symbolise something else or be interacted with. Generally the most important props are those used or seen as important by characters, as well as recurring props that feature in several different scenes/shots throughout the film. |
| Voice-over | 音频叙述一枪的regu铺设lar soundtrack. Generally voiceover is used to give audiences extra information, additional commentary or character’s specific views/comments on the scene. |
Film specific techniques are visual tools used to convey messages in films, television episodes, documentaries and other forms of video.
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Maddison Leachcompleted her HSC in 2014, achieving an ATAR of 98.00 and Band 6 in all her subjects. Having tutored privately for two years before joining Art of Smart, she enjoys helping students through the academic and other aspects of school life, even though it sometimes makes her feel old. Maddison has had a passion for writing since her early teens, having had several short stories published before joining the world of blogging. She’s currently studying a Bachelor of Design at the University of Technology Sydney and spends most of her time trying not to get caught sketching people on trains.
