这HSC Physics扩展响应是HSC考试中最具挑战性的方面之一。
It is often the hurdle that separates the Band 6 students from the rest. If you think you’re someone who struggles with the extended response questions and don’t know how to prepare, this article is for you!
HSC物理扩展响应问题通常是6个标记，有时它们是5分，很少是7。
Usually there are at least two extended response questions in the core and one in your option. That’s a lot of marks on offer, about 20% of the total marks to be precise!
But don’t fret! We’vetrawled through the archives, analysing the last decade of HSC Physics exams, so that we can give you a definitive list of criteria to hit and mistakes to avoid!
So, what are you waiting for? Jump in!
Purpose of Extended Responses
Three Styles of Extended Response Questions
HSC物理的目的是扩展响应
We can distil the difference between standard questions and extended response questions down to two things. You read correctly, just two things.
1. Synthesis
这extended response questions require you to pull from a vast pool of knowledge. They are rarely isolated to a single dot point. You need to have some awareness of the context in which discoveries were made, and the relationship between a syllabus dot-point, and the ones before it.
2. Opinion
他们还需要一些真正的洞察力和周到的意见。您将无法简单地召回实验或设备如何工作。您将被要求评估或评估 - 他们希望您对某种改变社会的看法，促进科学，或改变科学思维。
If you can get in the habit of doing these two things, you’re well on your way to writing a band 6 response. So let’s get started and see how you can put these two things in practice. What are some questions you can expect, and what approach should you take?
三种风格的HSC物理扩展响应问题
这re are three styles of questions NESA has asked in the past, and they can be summarised as follows:
- “物理学与科学方法之间的相互作用”
- “Interplay between physics and the human world”
- “Use physics to explain this physics”
方式1:物理之间的相互作用和scientific method
This style of question focuses on how science is done. It explores how new hypotheses are developed, how they’re tested, and how they’ve resulted in future developments. They are generally phrased as follows:
How did scientist X verify the hypotheses of scientist Y?
How did scientist X contribute to Y?
以下是从前几年的这种风格的一些问题：
2015年：1865年，詹姆斯·克劳克·克斯威尔发展了电磁理论。这个理论6解释了光的本质。它还预测了其他电磁波的存在。赫兹测试和验证麦克斯韦的理论是如何？
2013: Assess Einstein’s contribution to quantum theory
2008年：爱因斯坦的特殊相对论和他对光电效果的解释的理论如何导致光线模型的重新观察？
2007: Analyse Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity and the evidence supporting it as an application of this model of scie奈特法。
If we have a look at the ‘notes from the marking centre’ and the ‘marking guidelines’, a few trends emerge. Here are some things to take note of:
Criteria 1: Detailed explanation of relevant experiments
由于这是扩展的回应，因此他们不仅仅是想要重新叙述所接受的理论。说“当光线击中表面时，电子被弹出时”是不够的。他们希望从开始完成整个实验上的勺子！作为一个例子，考虑光电效果：
- 您能否绘制可以测试光电效果的装置的图？
- 所有的测试是什么，结果是什么？
这se are the sorts of things the markers are expecting to see.
Criteria 2: Explanation of applicable laws/theories of physics
You also need to know what laws and theorems are used to interpret the experimental outcomes. As an example consider Hertz’s experiment. For a band 6 response it is not sufficient to simply say a spark was produced in the secondary coil. You need to say why!
“加速费用产生EMR，EMR能够造成振荡的费用。”
A common criticism in the ‘notes from the marking centre’ is that many students jump from beginning to end, without explaining the intermediary steps. Try and use all the laws and theorems that are applicable.
3：对实验影响的认识：
What conclusions were made from the experiments, what was the context of the experiment? As an example let’s reconsider the photoelectric effect.
- What conclusions did Einstein reach after observing the results?
- What did scientists think about light before, and how was this view changed by Einstein.
这是标记中突出显示的另一个问题。不要忘记提及实验的背景，特别是对新想法的任何怀疑论以及实验证据在接受新想法中的重要性。这是科学方法的关键部分，经常被忽视。
Style 2: Interplay between physics and the human world
这种问题样式看着科学世界和日常生活之间的关系，它们如何相互影响和必须做出的考虑因素。它们通常是如下方式：
这篇物理学如何影响环境和社会？
How did external factors influence X?
以下是从前几年的这种风格的一些问题：
2014年：解释AC作为主导电力供应的如何通过DC的优势通过AC作为社会。
2013: Explain how changing the electrical properties of materials has led to the development of new technologies which can benefit society.
2011: Discuss the effects on the environment of the development of AC generators.
2010: Magnetic resonance imaging is a current technology that uses superconductors. Identify two OTHER technologies that use superconductors. Evaluate the impact of these technologies on society and the environment.
Once again if we have a look at the ‘notes from the marking centre’ and the ‘marking guidelines’, there are a few common trends:
Criteria 1: Detailed understanding of the physics involved in the operation of a device:
You need to know what laws and theorems are used in the operation of devices. As an example consider AC energy supply. You need to be able to explain why AC is able to be used at multiple voltages and DC is not. You need to actually say that AC is able to be transformed and DC is not. Do not assume the marker knows the answer, the whole point is that you are able to explain it.
标准2：对设备含义的急性意识：
You need to be very comprehensive in your explanation of how various aspects of a device affect the environment and or society. Many students are too vague, and do not explicitly state the relationship. e.g. “AC can be used at any voltage whereas the voltage of a DC supply cannot be changed, this is an advantage of AC over DC supply”
更好的反应是：“与DC不同，AC电源可以转换为任何电压。这是非常有利的society因为它促进了在人们家中使用需要不同电压的多种设备。“Be sure to make the link between the device and the environment/society very clear.
“来自标记中心”的“笔记”提到难以遵循的响应，并将学生的联系尚不清楚。Questions involving comparisons or implications, I find are best answered through the use of tables and dot points, where you can make the links very obvious.
风格3：使用物理来解释这种物理学
这种风格的问题始终没有提及克斯特nal factors like society or the environment, and they rarely reference experiments, they are very focused. They just want you to explain how something works. They are generally phrased as follows:
如何在x中使用这些物理学现象/法律？
Consider these options, using physics principles explain which option is the best.
以下是从前几年的这种风格的一些问题：
2015: Explain how Newton’s Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation were applied to the Cassini mission.
2014年：掺杂方式如何影响电流在半导体中携带的方式？
2012年：用于在扬声器中产生不同的声音的电机效果如何？包括标记图。
2012: Using physics principles and appropriate calculations, evaluate each design to determine the best way of transmitting power from the power station to the substation.
2010年：将影响载有载有载有载载火星的重要问题是：引力能量的变化，以及保护太空车辆从太阳的高速带电粒子保护。使用您对物理学的理解分析每个问题。
As before, if we have a look at the ‘notes from the marking centre’ and the ‘marking guidelines’, we can learn a lot!
Criteria: Detailed understanding of the physics involved in the operation of a device:
这种问题虽然由于其焦点而言似乎很简单，但可以是最难的。提供了6种标记，只是为了解释某些工作原理，因此标记标准正在寻找您提及非常具体的事实列表。
For example, consider the question from 2014: How does doping affect current in a semiconductor? You may think a good place to start would be the fact that doping results in the creation of a hole or a free electron due to the addition of a foreign atom and then proceed to exploring those two possible cases and the resulting effects.
However, one of the marks in the marking criteria is simply that: “students mention that a semiconductor has a band gap”. As you can see jumping to the point like you would with a three marker can cause you to miss things.
I find the best approach is to explain things in chronological order. The marks could be awarded for any specific part of the explanation, your best bet is to say everything you know about how it works from start to finish. For this question that means starting with explaining just what a semiconductor is! Remember assume the marker knows nothing, and that you’re teaching them about semiconductor physics.
And there you have it! You now know exactly what to expect when you begin your exam, and exactly what they’re looking for! Now you just have to practice!
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Vamsi Srinivasan希望揭开宇宙的下一个隐藏的真理。他在他的HSC中对物理和数学的美丽感到着迷，他继续在大学学习物理学。他现在在物理/计算机科学的第二年的第二年。他非常喜欢物理和数学，他想分享他的激情，过去两年是聪明教练的艺术。beplay体育官方他帮助了物理学的教练以及从一般到延伸的所有范围。在业余时间，您可以找到他观看网球或一级方程式1或者也许听他最喜欢的播客'Hello Internet'。
