The HSC Physics extended response is one of the most challenging aspects in the HSC exam.
It is often the hurdle that separates the Band 6 students from the rest. If you think you’re someone who struggles with the extended response questions and don’t know how to prepare, this article is for you!
HSC物理扩展的响应问题通常为6分，有时是5分，很少有7分。
通常，核心中至少有两个扩展的响应问题，您的选项中有一个。这是很多标记，大约有20％的总数确切地说！
But don’t fret! We’vetrawled through the archives, analysing the last decade of HSC Physics exams, so that we can give you a definitive list of criteria to hit and mistakes to avoid!
So, what are you waiting for? Jump in!
Purpose of Extended Responses
Three Styles of Extended Response Questions
HSC物理的目的扩展了反应
We can distil the difference between standard questions and extended response questions down to two things. You read correctly, just two things.
1. Synthesis
The extended response questions require you to pull from a vast pool of knowledge. They are rarely isolated to a single dot point. You need to have some awareness of the context in which discoveries were made, and the relationship between a syllabus dot-point, and the ones before it.
2. Opinion
他们还需要一些真正的见识和周到的意见。您不会仅要求您介绍实验或设备的工作原理。您将被要求评估或评估 - 他们希望您对某些事情如何改变社会，对科学做出贡献或改变科学思维的看法。
If you can get in the habit of doing these two things, you’re well on your way to writing a band 6 response. So let’s get started and see how you can put these two things in practice. What are some questions you can expect, and what approach should you take?
HSC物理的三种样式扩展了回答问题
There are three styles of questions NESA has asked in the past, and they can be summarised as follows:
- “物理和科学方法之间的相互作用”
- “Interplay between physics and the human world”
- “Use physics to explain this physics”
Style 1: Interplay between physics and the scientific method
This style of question focuses on how science is done. It explores how new hypotheses are developed, how they’re tested, and how they’ve resulted in future developments. They are generally phrased as follows:
How did scientist X verify the hypotheses of scientist Y?
How did scientist X contribute to Y?
以下是往年的一些问题：
2015年：1865年，詹姆斯·麦克斯韦（James Clerk Maxwell）发展了电磁理论。该理论6解释了光的本质。它还预测了其他电磁波的存在。赫兹如何检验和验证麦克斯韦的理论？
2013: Assess Einstein’s contribution to quantum theory
2008年：爱因斯坦的特殊相对论理论及其对光电效应的解释如何导致光模型的重新概念化？
2007: Analyse Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity and the evidence supporting it as an application of this model of scientific方法。
如果我们看一看的“笔记标记centre’ and the ‘marking guidelines’, a few trends emerge. Here are some things to take note of:
Criteria 1: Detailed explanation of relevant experiments
由于这是扩展的响应，因此他们不仅希望重新叙述公认的理论。不足以说“当光撞到表面时，电子被喷出”。他们希望从头到尾进行整个实验的勺子！例如，请考虑光电效应：
- 您可以绘制可以测试光电效果的设备图吗？
- 进行了什么测试，结果是什么？
These are the sorts of things the markers are expecting to see.
Criteria 2: Explanation of applicable laws/theories of physics
You also need to know what laws and theorems are used to interpret the experimental outcomes. As an example consider Hertz’s experiment. For a band 6 response it is not sufficient to simply say a spark was produced in the secondary coil. You need to say why!
“加速电荷会产生EMR，EMR能够导致电荷振荡。”
A common criticism in the ‘notes from the marking centre’ is that many students jump from beginning to end, without explaining the intermediary steps. Try and use all the laws and theorems that are applicable.
标准3：意识到实验的含义：
What conclusions were made from the experiments, what was the context of the experiment? As an example let’s reconsider the photoelectric effect.
- What conclusions did Einstein reach after observing the results?
- What did scientists think about light before, and how was this view changed by Einstein.
这是标记笔记中突出显示的另一个问题。不要忘记提及实验的背景，特别是对新思想的任何怀疑，以及实验证据在接受新思想中的重要性。这是科学方法的关键部分，经常被忽略。
Style 2: Interplay between physics and the human world
这种问题风格着眼于科学世界与日常生活之间的关系，它们如何相互影响以及必须做出的考虑。它们通常用如下：
这片物理学如何影响环境和或社会？
How did external factors influence X?
以下是往年的一些问题：
2014年：解释采用AC作为AC优势比DC的优势来利用AC作为主导电力供应社会。
2013: Explain how changing the electrical properties of materials has led to the development of new technologies which can benefit society.
2011: Discuss the effects on the environment of the development of AC generators.
2010: Magnetic resonance imaging is a current technology that uses superconductors. Identify two OTHER technologies that use superconductors. Evaluate the impact of these technologies on society and the environment.
Once again if we have a look at the ‘notes from the marking centre’ and the ‘marking guidelines’, there are a few common trends:
Criteria 1: Detailed understanding of the physics involved in the operation of a device:
You need to know what laws and theorems are used in the operation of devices. As an example consider AC energy supply. You need to be able to explain why AC is able to be used at multiple voltages and DC is not. You need to actually say that AC is able to be transformed and DC is not. Do not assume the marker knows the answer, the whole point is that you are able to explain it.
标准2：对设备含义的急性认识：
You need to be very comprehensive in your explanation of how various aspects of a device affect the environment and or society. Many students are too vague, and do not explicitly state the relationship. e.g. “AC can be used at any voltage whereas the voltage of a DC supply cannot be changed, this is an advantage of AC over DC supply”
一个更好的响应是：“与DC不同，AC供应可以转换为任何电压。这对society由于它有助于使用多种设备，需要在人们的房屋中使用不同的电压。”Be sure to make the link between the device and the environment/society very clear.
“标记中心的笔记”提到了很难遵循的回应，并且学生所建立的链接尚不清楚。Questions involving comparisons or implications, I find are best answered through the use of tables and dot points, where you can make the links very obvious.
样式3：使用物理学解释这种物理
这种问题风格没有提及社会或环境等外部因素，而且很少参考实验，它们非常专注。他们只是想让您解释某件事的工作原理。它们通常用如下：
这些物理现象/定律如何在X中使用？
Consider these options, using physics principles explain which option is the best.
以下是往年的一些问题：
2015: Explain how Newton’s Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation were applied to the Cassini mission.
2014年：掺杂如何影响半导体中电流的方式？
2012年：如何在扬声器中产生不同声音的电动机效果？包括标记图。
2012: Using physics principles and appropriate calculations, evaluate each design to determine the best way of transmitting power from the power station to the substation.
2010年：将影响载人到火星的两个重要问题是：重力的变化，并保护太空车辆免受高速电动电动颗粒免受太阳的影响。利用您对物理学的理解来分析这些问题。
As before, if we have a look at the ‘notes from the marking centre’ and the ‘marking guidelines’, we can learn a lot!
Criteria: Detailed understanding of the physics involved in the operation of a device:
这种问题风格虽然由于其重点而看似简单，但可以说是最难的。提供6个标记只是为了解释某事的工作原理，因此，标记标准正在寻找您提及非常具体的事实列表。
例如,考虑问题从2014年:如何做does doping affect current in a semiconductor? You may think a good place to start would be the fact that doping results in the creation of a hole or a free electron due to the addition of a foreign atom and then proceed to exploring those two possible cases and the resulting effects.
However, one of the marks in the marking criteria is simply that: “students mention that a semiconductor has a band gap”. As you can see jumping to the point like you would with a three marker can cause you to miss things.
I find the best approach is to explain things in chronological order. The marks could be awarded for any specific part of the explanation, your best bet is to say everything you know about how it works from start to finish. For this question that means starting with explaining just what a semiconductor is! Remember assume the marker knows nothing, and that you’re teaching them about semiconductor physics.
And there you have it! You now know exactly what to expect when you begin your exam, and exactly what they’re looking for! Now you just have to practice!
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Vamsi Srinivasan希望揭开宇宙的下一个隐藏真理。他对HSC期间的物理和数学之美感到非常着迷，以至于他继续在大学学习物理学。他现在处于物理/计算机科学双重学位的第二年。他非常热爱物理和数学，他想分享自己的激情，并且在过去的两年中一直是智慧教练的艺术。beplay体育官方他帮助指导了物理学的学生以及从一般到延期2的HSC数学范围。在他的业余时间，您可以找到他看网球或一级方程式1，或者听他最喜欢的播客“ Hello Internet”。
